PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.01 MANUFACTURED UNITS
Brick pavers may have spacer bars
on each unit (if "English Edge®" paver is specified).
These insure a minimum joint width between each unit
in which the sand is placed. Spacer bars help prevent contact
of the edges with adjacent pavers and subsequent chipping.
Manually installed pavers may be installed with or without
spacer bars.
A. Brick pavers shall
be A Grade pavers manufactured/supplied by a member of
the Brick Institute of America (BIA). The BIA manufacturer/supplier
shall be:
Name: PINE HALL BRICK
Address: P. O. Box 11044
2701 Shorefair Drive
Winston-Salem, NC 27116-1044
Phone: (800) 334-8689
B.
Product name/shape, overall dimensions, and thickness of
the paver(s) used shall be:
Thin Pavers:
4" x
8" x 1 3/8" thick
or modular 3 5/8" X 7 5/8" x 1 3/8"
Standard Pavers:
4" x 8" x 2 1/4" thick
or modular 3 5/8"x 7 5/8" x 2 1/4" (available
in straight edge only)
Heavy Vehicular pavers:
4" x 8" x 2 3/4" thick
** NOTE: WHEN
USING THESE SPECS IN YOUR BID PACKAGE, ELIMINATE THE SIZES
OF PAVERS NOT SPECIFIED ON THE PROJECT AND INSERT YOUR PRODUCT
CHOICE AND COLOR. i.e. English Edge® Full Range
4"x 8"x 2-1/4" AFTER INSERTING THIS INFORMATION
DELETE THIS NOTE.
C.
Pavers shall meet the following requirements set forth in
ASTM C 902, Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic
Paving Brick or C 1272 Specification for Heavy Vehicular
Paving Brick and shall conform to the PX standard
1. Minimum average
compressive strength of 10,000 psi.
2. The average cold
water absorption shall not be greater than 6% with no
individual unit testing greater than 7%. Absorption
test results may not be achieved through the use of
sealers or other products applied to the clay paver.
(Sealer protection degrades over time requiring re-application
after several years.)
3. Resistance of 50
freeze‑thaw cycles, when tested in accordance
with ASTM C67. In addition the clay paver must pass
CSA-A231.2 freeze thaw test in saline solution without
the use of sealers or other products applied to the
paver. A test report must be submitted by the
manufacturer. (Salt is the most common substance used
for de-icing during the winter months.)
4. Dimensional tolerances
should meet the PX standard. The dimensional tolerances
around the mean values for length, width, and depth
shall be 1/16". (Studies show that dimensional
tolerances are directly linked to joint width size and
proper interlock.)
5. The pavers should be
solid units without core holes or other perforations.
6. The contractor shall
ensure that the manufacturer conducts a test sampling
of 24 pavers every 50,000 pavers manufactured to determine
the pavers compliance with dimensional and water absorption
characteristics. The 24 paver sample shall be
representative of the color mix in the typical finished
package and chosen on a consistent basis from one kiln
car. (Proper control procedures and testing are standard
operating procedure for high quality manufacturers.)
2.02 BEDDING AND JOINT SAND
The type of sand used for bedding
is often called concrete sand. Sands vary regionally. Contact
paver installers local to the project and confirm sand(s)
successfully used in previous similar applications.
A.
Bedding and joint sand shall be clean, non-plastic, free
from deleterious or foreign matter. The sand shall be natural
or manufactured from crushed rock. Grading of samples
shall be done according to ASTM C136. The particles shall
be sharp and conform to the grading requirements of ASTM
C33 as shown in Table 1.
|
Table 1
|
|
Grading Requirements
for Bedding and Joint Sand
|
|
Sieve Size
|
Percent Passing
|
|
3/8 in.
|
100
|
|
No. 4
|
95 to 100
|
|
No. 8
|
80 to 100
|
|
No. 16
|
50 to 85
|
|
No. 30
|
25 to 60
|
|
No. 50
|
10 to 30
|
|
No. 100
|
2 to 10
|
2.03 EDGE RESTRAINTS
A.
Edge restraints are required on all installations. Edge
restraints are to be pre-cast or cast-in-place concrete,
plastic, or steel as specified in the drawings. Install
as per manufacturer's specifications.
2.04 JOINT SAND STABILIZERS
(IF APPLICABLE)
Joint sand stabilizers prevent sand
loss and maintain interlock which is critical in situations
where sand loss could be a problem. Some situations
typically requiring joint sand stabilizers are at the bottom
of a grade, areas where rain water runoff is not caught
by gutters, and crosswalks. Please consult the allied
products section on our web site for information on joint
sand stabilizers. Always follow the manufacturers recommendations
for installation of these products.
**NOTE: ELIMINATE
THE TEXT IN THIS SECTION (2.04) IF NO JOINT SAND STABILIZER
IS SPECIFIED. CHANGE TITLE TO (NOT APPLICABLE). DELETE
THIS NOTE AFTER MAKING THE APPROPRIATE CHANGES.
2.05 FILTER GEOTEXTILE (IF APPLICABLE)
A.
The woven geotextile fabric shall be MIRAFI 700X supplied
by Mirafi, Inc., Charlotte, NC or equal
**NOTE: ELIMINATE
THE TEXT IN THIS SECTION (2.05) IF NO FILTER GEOTEXTILE
IS SPECIFIED. CHANGE TITLE TO (NOT APPLICABLE). DELETE
THIS NOTE AFTER MAKING THE APPROPRIATE CHANGES.
PART 3 EXECUTION
For installations on a compacted gravel
base the subgrade shall be compacted to a minimum of 95%
modified proctor density. Compacted aggregate shall
be applied in even lifts of 4" and also compacted to
a minimum of 95% modified proctor density. The specifier
should be aware that the top surface of the pavers may be
1/8 to 1/4 inch above the final elevations after compaction.
This difference in initial and final elevations is to compensate
for possible minor settling.
3.01 EXAMINATION
A. Verify that base
is dry, uniform, even and ready to support sand, pavers
and imposed loads.
B. Verify gradients
and elevations of base are correct.
C. Verify location,
type, installation and elevations of edge restraints around
the perimeter area to be paved.
D. Beginning of installation
means acceptance of base and edge restraints.
A. Provide edge restraints
as indicated - install edge restraints prior to placing
unit pavers.
B. Lay Filter Geotextile (if
applicable) along edges where indicated in the drawings.
Place geotextile over the compacted base course overlapping
ends and edges at least 12 inches.
**NOTE: ELIMINATE
THE TEXT IN SECTION B IF NO FILTER GEOTEXTILE IS SPECIFIED.
CHANGE (IF APPLICABLE) TO (NOT APPLICABLE). DELETE
THIS NOTE AFTER MAKING THE APPROPRIATE CHANGES.
C. Spread the sand evenly
over the base course and screed to 1-1 1/2 inches thickness.
The screeded sand should not be disturbed. Sufficient
sand shall be placed to ensure that no delay occurs in
laying pavers. The screeded bedding sand shall not be
subjected to any traffic by either mechanical or
pedestrian use.
D. Ensure that pavers
are free of foreign material before installation. The
installer is responsible for color blend and shall take
appropriate steps to insure conformity to field mockup.
Working from several packages at a time is recommended.
E. Lay the pavers in
the pattern(s) as shown on the drawings. Full pavers are
to be laid first. The pavers should be laid hand
tight. Maintain straight pattern lines and adjust
as necessary.
F. Joints between the
pavers shall be between 1/16 inch and 1/8 inch (2 to 3
mm) wide.
G. Fill gaps at the
edges of the paved area with cut pavers or edge units.
Cut pavers to be placed along the edge using a masonry
saw and in such a manner that no segment is smaller
than one quarter of a full paver.
H. Use a low amplitude,
high frequency plate vibrator capable of 3000 to 5000
lbs. centrifugal compaction force to vibrate the
pavers into the sand. Vibrate the pavers, sweeping
dry sand into the joints and vibrating until they are
full. This will require at least two or three
passes with the vibrator. Do not vibrate within three
feet of the unrestrained edges of the paving units.
(A plate vibrator is not recommended for straight edge
pavers, instead use a hand tamp and board method or roller
compactor for compaction.)
I. All work to within
three feet of the laying face must be left fully compacted
with sand-filled joints at the completion of each
day
J. Sweep off excess
sand when the job is complete. Contractor shall return
to the site one month after installation is complete to
inspect sand in joints. Contractor is responsible for
adding additional sand to fill joints where necessary.
K. The final surface
elevations shall not deviate more than 3/8 inch under
a 10 foot long straightedge.
L. The surface elevation
of pavers shall be 1/8 to 1/4 inch above adjacent drainage
inlets, concrete collars or channels.
3.03 JOINT SAND
STABILIZER APPLICATION (if applicable)
A. The surface shall
be made clean and free from oil, dust from cutting and
any loose material prior to the application of an
epoxy joint sand stabilizer. (Any sand or dirt left on
the pavers during sealing WILL BE SEALED TO THE PAVER.
It is extremely difficult to correct this mistake!) The
surface and joint sand shall be dry for its full depth
prior to commencing work.
B. The treated area shall
be protected from rain or moisture and shall not be trafficked
for 24 hours after the completion of the stabilizer
application.
Please consult
the allied products section on our web site for information
on joint sand stabilizers. Always follow the manufacturers
recommendations for installation of these products.
**NOTE: ELIMINATE THE TEXT IN THIS
SECTION (3.03) IF NO JOINT SAND STABILIZER IS SPECIFIED.
CHANGE (IF APPLICABLE) TO (NOT APPLICABLE). DELETE
THIS NOTE AFTER MAKING THE APPROPRIATE CHANGES.
3.04 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. After removal of
excess sand, check final elevations for conformance to
the drawings.
3.05 PROTECTION AND CLEAN UP
A.
Protectection:
1. Protect work from damage, discoloration
and theft.
2. All vehicles and equipment
operating on the completed pavers before and after application
of the joint sand stabilizer shall be maintained in
a clean condition, so that oil, tar, rubber or
other matter is not deposited on the surface of the
pavers or adjacent paving and features.
1. All materials generated by
construction work in this section shall be removed at
the end of each section of the work and the site shall
be left in a clean and safe condition.
2. After completion of any repair
work, clean all exposed surfaces with clean water and stiff
brushes until all stains and dirt are removed.
Use cleaning solutions only that are recommended
by the paver and stabilizer manufacturers and do not
use wire brushes.
1. Repair or replace any damaged
work to the original specified condition prior to handover.
2. Where lateral displacement
of the pavers has occurred adjacent to edge restraints
the cut pavers shall be replaced with new pavers
of the correct size to comply with the specified
joint widths and the surface shall be re-established.
B.
Maintenance: The installer shall return to the site at the
Owners request over a period of one year from handover
to rectify any problems in the work caused by its failure
to adequately align the pavers, compact the bedding
sand or fill the joints.
End
of Section
PLEASE NOTE BEFORE USING THESE
SPECS:
THESE SPECIFICATIONS ARE BASED
ON GENERALLY ACCEPTED INDUSTRY STANDARDS FOR FLEXIBLE BASE
INSTALLATIONS. NO SINGLE SPECIFICATION CAN BE APPLIED TO
EVERY PROJECT OR COVER ALL APPLICATIONS OR CIRCUMSTANCES.
AS A RESULT, THESE SPECIFICATIONS ARE OFFERED TO THE DESIGNER
AS A GUIDELINE TOOL ONLY. IT IS UP TO THE DESIGNER TO CUSTOMIZE
AND APPLY THESE GENERAL PROCEDURES TO THE INDIVIDUAL CIRCUMSTANCES
OF THEIR INDIVIDUAL PROJECT.
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