America's Premier Paver - Design Guides: Pedestrian

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PREFACE

The retaining walls in this booklet were designed using the conventional cavity-type walls. This system appears to be the most generally used and most convenient to the designer and the builder.

Reinforced Brick Masonry (RBM) has proved itself to be one of the most efficient engineering combinations of materials: brick for high compressive strength plus a beautiful permanent finish; steel reinforcement for tensile strength; and concrete grout to develop monolithic action between the other two materials without expensive forming.

For the convenience of the designer a standard wall detail has been used with alternate footing details for conditions where there is not room for a normal toe or heel.

Type I details are for wall heights of 3’ to 11’ inclusive with level backfill and standard footing.

Type II details are for wall heights of 12’ to 15’ inclusive with level backfill and standard footing.

Type III details are for heights of 16’ to 20’ inclusive with level backfill and standard footing.

Special footings are also detailed. Type “A” footings are for a short toe with level backfill and cover all heights from 3’ through 20’.

Type “B” footings are for a long toe or a short heel with level backfill and cover all heights from 3’ through 20’. Where there is a traffic surcharge on the wall use a wall design three feet higher but omit the uppermost three feet of stem.

Overturn safety factors exceed 2.

Earth pressure due to overturn in all cases is less than 4000 psf.

Where footing keys are provided to resist sliding, passive earth resistance at the toe is ignored.

Tensile stress developed in the un-reinforced keys does not exceed 60 psi.

*See specifications for brick and mortar requirements.

Masonry and concrete designs in this booklet are based on standards developed by the Brick Institute of America and by the American Concrete Institute.

The Brick Association of NC cannot be responsible for construction and function of a structure since we provide no field construction supervision and have no knowledge of soil conditions or backfill materials.

Designs and builders of these walls are cautioned not to exceed the loading conditions and working strengths outlined in this booklet, and to strictly conform to specifications found on last page.

Brick Retaining Wall Type I

DIMENSIONS

REINFORCEMENT

(ft.)

1'-8"

1'-0"

1'-8"

#4* @18"

#3 @16"

#5 @18"

2 #3

#3 @18"

2
#3

2'-3"

10"

1'-0"

1'-8"

#4* @18"

#3 @16"

#5 @18"

2 #3

#3 @18"

2
#3

2'-9"

1'-0"

1'-8"

#4* @18"

#3 @16"

#5 @18"

2 #3

#3 @18"

2
#3

3'-3"

1'-1"

1'-2"

1'-0"

1'-8"

#4* @18"

#3 @16"

#5 @18"

2 #3

#3 @18"

2
#3

3'-9"

1'-3"

1'-6"

1'-0"

1'-8"

#4* @18"

#3 @16"

#5 @18"

2 #3

#4 @18"

2
#3

4'-3"

1'-6"

1'-9"

1'-0"

2'-0"

#5 @18"

#3 @16"

#6 @18"

3 #3

#4 @18"

3
#3

4'-9"

1'-8"

2'-1"

1'-0"

2'-0"

#5 @15"

#3 @16"

#6 @15"

3 #3

#4 @15"

3
#3

5'-3"

1'-9"

2'-6"

1'-0"

2'-4"

#6 @18"

#3 @16"

#7 @15"

3 #3

#5 @15"

3
#3

5'10"

2'-0"

2'10"

1'-0"

6'-0"

2'-8"

#7 @30"

#3 @16"

#8 @15"

3 #3

#5 @15"

3
#3

Table 1 [top]

Brick Retaining Wall Type II

DIMENSIONS

REINFORCEMENT

(ft.)

6'-6"

2'-1"

3'-5"

1'-0"

1'-4"

1'-0"

2'-0"

6'-0"

2'-4"

#6 @24

#3 @16

#7 @12

3 #3

#6 @12

4 #3

7'-0"

2'-6"

3'-6"

1'-2"

1'-4"

1'-0"

2'-0"

7'-0"

2'-4"

#6 @22

#4 @16

#7 @11

3 $4

#6 @11

4 #4

7'-4"

2'-6"

3'-6"

1'-2"

1'-4"

1'-0"

3'-0"

7'-0"

2'-8"

#7 @22

#4 @22

#8 @11

3 #4

#6 @11

4 #4

7'-10"

2'-7"

3'-11"

1'-4"

1'-0"

4'-0"

8'-0"

2'-8"

#7 @18

#4 @16

#8 @9

3 #4

#6 @9

5 #4

Table 2 [top]

Brick Retaining Wall Type III

DIMENSIONS

REINFORCEMENT

(ft.)

8'-4"

2'-9"

4'-3"

1'-5"

1'-8"

1'-0"

5'-0"

9'-0"

2'-8"

#7 @20"

#5 @16"

#8 @10"

4 #4

#6 @10"

5 #4

9' -0"

3'-0"

4'-4"

1-6"

1'-8"

1'-0"

6'-0"

10'-0"

3'-0"

#8 @22"

#5 @16"

#9 @11"

4 #4

#6 @11"

6 #4

9'-8"

3'-2"

4'-10"

1'-8"

1'-0"

7'-0"

10'-0"

3'-4"

#9 @24"

#5 @16"

#10 @12"

5 #4

#7 @12"

7 #4

10'-1"

3'-4"

5'-1"

1'-8"

1'-10"

1'-2"

8'-0"

10'-0"

3'-4"

#9 @20"

#5 @16"

#10 @10"

5 #4

#7 @10"

7 #4

10'-8"

3'-6"

5'-6"

1'-10"

1'-2"

9'-0"

11'-0"

3'-4"

#9 @16"

#5 @16"

#10 @8"

6 #4

#7 @8"

8 #4

Table 3 [top]

H	DIMENSIONS						REINFORCEMENT
(ft.)	A	B	C	D	T	Sd	d	e	f	g
3	SEE TYPE I WALLS						SEE TYPE I WALLS
4	SEE TYPE I WALLS						SEE TYPE I WALLS
5	SEE TYPE I WALLS						SEE TYPE I WALLS
6	3'-6"	6"	2'-0"	1'-0"	1'-0"	1'-8"	#5 @18"	2 #3	#3 @18	3 #3
7	4'-0"	6"	2'-6"	1'-0"	1'-0"	1'-8"	#5 @18"	2 #3	#4 @18	3 #3
8	4'-8"	6"	3'-2"	1'-0"	1'-0"	2'-0"	#6 @18"	2 #3	#5 @18	4 #3
9	5'-2"	6"	3'-8"	1'-0"	1'-0"	2'-0"	#6 @15"	2 #3	#5 @15	5 #3
10	6'-0"	6"	4'-6"	1'-0"	1'-0"	2'-4"	#7 @15"	2 #4	#6 @15	3 #4
11	6'-6"	6"	5'-0"	1'-2"	1'-0"	2'-8"	#8 @15"	2 #4	#7 @15	4 #4

H	DIMENSIONS						REINFORCEMENT
(ft.)	A	B	C	D	T	Sd	d	e	f	g
12	7'-4"	6"	5'-6"	1'-2"	1'-4"	2'-4"	#7 @12"	2 #4	#7 @12"	5 #4
13	7'-6"	6"	5'-8"	1'-2"	1'-4"	2'-8"	#7 @11"	2 #4	#7 @11"	5 #4
14	7'-10"	8"	5'-10"	1'-4"	1-4"	2'-8"	#8 @11"	2 #4	#7 @11"	6 #4
15	8'-4"	10"	6'-2"	1'-7"	1'-4"	2-8"	#8 @9"	2 #4	#7 @9"	7 #4
16	9'-4"	10"	6'-10"	1'-8"	1'-8"	2'-8"	#8 @10"	2 #5	#8 @10"	5 #5
17	9'-10"	10"	7'-4"	1'-8"	1'-8"	3'-0"	#9 @11"	2 #5	#9 @11"	6 #5
18	10'-9"	1'-0"	8'-1"	1'-10"	1'-8"	3'-4"	#10 @12"	2 #5	#9 @12"	6 #5
19	11'-4"	1'-0"	8'-6"	1'-10"	1'-10"	3'-4"	@10 @10"	2 #5	#9 @10"	7 #5
20	12'-1"	1'-0"	9'-3"	2'-0"	1'-10"	3'-4"	#10 @8"	2 #5	#9 @8"	8 #5

Table 4 [top]

H	DIMENSIONS						REINFORCEMENT
(ft.)	A	B	C	D	T	Sd	d	f	g
3	1'-8"	4"	4"	8"	1'-0"	1'-8"	#5 @18"	#4 @18"	2 #3
4	2'-3"	11"	4"	10"	1'-0"	1'-8"	#5 @18"	#4 @18"	2 #3
5	2'-9"	1'-3"	6"	1'-0"	1'-0"	1'-8"	#5 @18"	#4 @18"	2 #3
6	3'-6"	2'-0"	6"	1'-0"	1'-0"	1'-8"